Chaucers Women From Eve to Mary Essay - 1272 Words

Chaucers Women From Eve to Mary The Middle Ages was an interesting time to be a woman. For centuries the church generally disapproved of, with equal measure, women and sex. Women were not even thought of as human beings, and were seen as necessary only in what they could do for their men. When the men left for the Crusades women were given a larger role in the upkeep of their husbands’ houses and estates, and assumed a more public role in the community. This gave the women a greater feeling of independence, which they did not relinquish entirely when the men returned. As the men returned from the crusades they brought with them a new found openness to ideas, and a newfound respect for the worship of the Virgin Mary. These are two of†¦show more content†¦The narrator admires her good looks from afar and treats her as if she is a character in some minstrel’s courtly love song. Even her name is not a religious one; Eglentyne would have been a name associated with the romances of Medieval Engl and, not the church. Chaucer shows the Prioress to be a charming fraud. She acts above her station by keeping dogs, speaking French (with an English accent), and wearing jewelry, which would be inappropriate on any nun in any century. Her table manners are also courtly, she never spills any sauce and never gets any on her fingers. They way she eats is also showcases her virtuous nature, the way people eat has long been a gage of what they are like in bed. The narrator also shows the Prioress to be selectively tenderhearted. The proof of her hypocritical nature is shown in her attentions to her dogs. â€Å"But sore weep she if oon of hem were deed, Or if men smoot it with a yerde smerte:† She cares deeply about her dogs, she loves them, she hates to see them suffering. She also feeds them meat, milk and expensive bread, to keep them healthy. Too bad that there are a lot of people in England starving in the aftermath of the plague, as long as her dogs are fine, she is happy. B y showing the Prioress in comparison to what a â€Å"Lady† of that time would have been, and by allowing her to be admired by the narrator and the others in a non-religious way Chaucer shows us the church’sShow MoreRelated Chaucers Canterbury Tales Essay - Women in The Wife of Bath1433 Words   |  6 PagesWomen in Chaucers The Wife of Bath Chaucers The Wife of Baths Prologue and Tale is a medieval legend that paints a portrait of strong women finding love and themselves in the direst of situations. It is presented to the modern day reader as an early tale of feminism showcasing the ways a female character gains power within a repressive, patriarchal society. Underneath the simplistic plot of female empowerment lies an underbelly of anti-feminism. 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Essay about William Faulkners As I Lay Dying - 469 Words

William Faulkners As I Lay Dying In William Faulkners novel, As I Lay Dying many points of view are expressed through the use of interior monologue, but even when they are all put together, they cant serve as an objective view of what really happened. In the book, there are many monologues by many different people, often with opposing ideas and beliefs. Together the novel is a book of half-truths, with each set of events formed by what the narrator believes is the truth. To each individual what they say and think they consider a reality, however, it is merely their own perception of reality and consequently it becomes subjective. In the following essay, I will describe the structure the author uses in the book and the underlying†¦show more content†¦The reader cant gain an objective idea of what really happened during that period of time. Another example of an actual incident and of peoples opposing views coming into conflict with the reality of what was going on was with Cora and Darl. He did not an swer. He just stood and looked at his dying mother, his heart too full for words (Faulkner 24-25). This is how Cora views Darl, as a kind and loving son, the private favorite and love of Addie. Darl however, appears to be indifferent to his mother and the three dollar load. Everyone else knows that Jewel is, in fact, the favorite child; this makes the characters unreliable in retelling the actual events to the reader. Each monologue is clouded with the viewpoints and ideas of the character narrating it, so it is impossible to have an objective account of what really happened. Using the form that Faulkner uses we can also see that while Darl narrates many chapters in the novel, and is viewed as the most reliable character, this idea is ruined when he is sent to an asylum. Darl has gone to Jackson. They put him on the train, laughing, down the long car laughing; the heads turn like the heads of owls when he passed (Faulkner 254). In Darls final monologue he refers toShow MoreRel atedWilliam Faulkners As I Lay Dying2018 Words   |  9 PagesWilliam Faulkner’s As I Lay Dying presents a broken family whose members are not all sound of mind. They all present different ways in which their sense of self can be viewed as broken. Even though there is no forefront hero depicted within the novel there is definitely evidence that suggests that some of the heroes are capable of heroic characteristics. Though there is rampant selfishness and immorality some redeeming qualities of the Bundren family shine through. 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This allowed the reader to gain insight into the character’s thoughts, and also to prove very interesting and entertaining. Faulkner also ignores all boundaries that sane people have placed uponRead MoreAnalysis Of William Faulkners As I Lay Dying1840 Words   |  8 PagesMarvin Gaye, â€Å"If you cannot find peace within yourself, you will never find it anywhere else.† The psychology of humans can be expressed in two groups, stable or not. These two groups can be applied to a psychoanalytical approach of William Faulkner’s, As I lay Dying. In this story, the Bundren family suffers the loss of Addie Bundren a loved wife and mother. Anse and the rest of the family, honoring her last wi sh, make the trip to Jefferson to bury her with her relatives. During the trip every thingRead More William Faulkner’s As I Lay Dying Essay2412 Words   |  10 Pagesâ€Å"The past is never dead. 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Like the rest of his family, Vardaman is mentally unstable, but his condition is magnified due to this lack of understanding of life andRead MoreAs I Lay Dying And The Crucible Essay834 Words   |  4 PagesIn As I Lay Dying by William Faulkner and The Crucible by Arthur Miller, women are perceived in ways that fit the time period they are written in. The Crucible deals with women being accused of witchcraft and regarded as witches. In As I Lay Dying the few women in the story, are not highly regarded or of high status. Both authors depict women in different ways, but with similar attitude towards women. Even though The Crucible and As I Lay Dying were works from different time periods, the portrayal

Strategy Adopted For Accounting Reproting â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Strategy Adopted For Accounting Reproting? Answer: Introducation Every company shall function in the proper manner. The overall working of the company depends upon each function that the company performs whether it is purchase, sales, production or marketing. These functions further depend upon the main function of the company which is finance function. Its the function of the finance which controls the overall working and operations of the company. Many of the companies located across the globe have been collapsed only because of the irregular conduct and operation of the finance function. For the purpose of the investigation report, the company that has been selected is the Woolworths Limited. The annual report of the selected company has been analyzed for the two consecutive periods two thousand and seventeen and two thousand and sixteen. Under the first heading of the report, the key accounting policy adopted by the company has been identified in relation to estimates, critical factors, etc. Under the second heading, the probabilities of the distorted picture of the financial statements have been detailed with reference to the choices of the managers. Then the strategy of the management has been evaluated as to how the management of the company has allowed the managers to make choices as per their discretion. In the next heading, the quality of the disclosure of the financial information in the annual report has been discussed. Along with the above, in the next section, the flaws in accounting and financial reporting practices have been detailed and identified the areas which require the more information. In the last section of the main body of the report, the assessment has been made whether the company complies with the conceptual framework of accounting or not. The report has been started with first section and ha s been made available for the users with the concluding paragraph. Accounting Policies Adopted The company that has been selected for the purpose of the study and for the purpose of achieving the investigation is Woolworths Limited. The company has been incorporated in the year of nineteen hundred and twenty four and in the country of Australia. The company is the listed company in the Australian Stock exchange. In the beginning years, the company has been engaged in the business of selling daily necessary items to the nearby customers but has grown up significantly with the passing of the years and is now working as the big departmental store wherein any person can have the goods ranging from necessary items to the electronic goods and it has expanded its operations almost across the globe. The company has also entered the Indian market where the electronic goods are sold at the different centre namely Croma. As the company is very old and has good reputation in the market since its inception, the company has been selected for the purpose of report (Company Official Website, 2017). On twenty fifth of June, the companys financial year has been closed and as per the financial statements of the company forming part of the annual report of the company following are the policies of accounting that has been adopted by the company: In accordance with the notes to the financial statements bearing number one, the management of the company is responsible for making the appropriate assumptions, estimates and judgments. These three activities are conducted only when these affects the items which is required to be reported in the financial statements of the company. Usually the management applies the experience that the company has gained over the past years in respect to the making of the estimates and assumptions wherever required. The material items shown in the financial statements of the company have been mentioned with proper estimation of the figures and the related accounting policies like the impairment test and accounting for of the loss on impairment, amount of depreciation, etc. (Anastasia, 2015). In the given case, accounting policy for accounting of the impairment loss has been mentioned. The accounting policy contains that the each of the asset of the company except goodwill shall be checked for the impairment at the end of the every annual year. The test majorly includes whether the carrying amount of the assets so mentioned in the balance sheet at the end of the year exceeds the recoverable amount of the asset. Recoverable amount is further calculated as the higher of net selling price and the value in use. In case the value of the carrying amount exceeds the recoverable amount then the difference will be treated as the impairment loss and shall be accounted for as the expense being charged to the statement of profit and loss account and on the other side deducted from the value of the assets shown in the balance sheet. This accounting policy has given the reason for estimating the future cash inflows which will be generated from the each cash generating units as identified by the management of the company. This is the critical factor and it will help the users of the financial statements to verify the position of the assets of the company whether they are utilizing it in the better manner. Like the aforesaid accounting policy, the company has mentioned other accounting policy too which will help the users to have the maximum information for making the proper analysis. Flexibility In Accounting Flexibility means the level of the ease of doing or performing the work. The flexibility in accounting means the ease adopted by the accountants and the management of the company in performing the accounting functions. In case of each and every company there is some level of flexibility that is allowed to the managers of the company including the accountants to perform the functions at their own discretion and comfort (Weygandt, 2012). In almost all the listed companies and other than listed companies, the main aim for adopting the flexibility in accounting depends on the remuneration strategies adopted by the company. The company generally has two forms of incentives under which the executive remuneration has been planned. These are based either on the short term or the long term. Generally in the short term incentives, the company details that in case the manager of the concerned executive will be able to generate the higher sales in the current year as compared to the previous year or will be able to bring business for the company then the variable component of the short term incentive will be higher. In such as situation, the managers and the executives normally enter into the transactions through which their sales will be increased and in turn their remuneration part will also get increased (Cooper, 2015). The aforesaid fact has been listed only because of the increase in the value of the sale figure by $2002 millions and that too with the fact that the company is having the greater loss on the foreign currency transactions and the huge loss from the other segment of BIG W and winding up of that segment in the current financial year only (Bryer, 2013). As per the reading of the annual report of the company, it has been clearly disclosed that the relevant accounting concepts, policies and the procedures are being adopted by the company in very diligent manner and has duly complied with the full disclosure principles, the conceptual framework and majorly the accounting standards that are globally accepted except some of the standards which have no relevance as on date like International Financial Reporting Standards on Leases which will be effected from the first of January two thousand and nineteen. But apart from these disclosures the directors remuneration report embedded in the annual report has given the flexibility to the executives to behave in the manner so as to increase the remuneration accordingly. It has been justified from the increase in sale which shows that the executives might have been engaged in the practices which are manipulating in nature. Second instance which has delivered that the executives of the company mi ght have enjoyed the higher degree of the flexibility is that the estimation of the cash flows which will be for future years from the BIG W business and the cash flows so mentioned in the annual report are purely at the discretion of the management. Due to this estimation the huge amount of impairment loss has been charged to statement of profit and loss amounting to thirty five million dollars. Therefore, it can be concluded that the managers and the executives carry the greater level of the flexibility in accounting and choosing the accounting concepts and estimates. Accounting Strategy In continuation of the flexibility in the accounting that is carried by the managers and the executives of the company proactively, the accounting strategy that the company has adopted is in alignment with the flexibility enjoyed by the managers and the executives. It makes the managers and the executives of the company to enter into such practices which will result in the bad and distorted view of the state of affairs of the corporate and which in turn will affect the decision of the stakeholders of the company. The accounting policies are the backbone of the accounting function and the application of the same has been very well explained by the two theories of accounting Normative theory of accounting and the positive theory of accounting. These two theories helps in understanding as to why the particular concept or accounting policy has been applied and what are the effect that the accounting policy will create on the state of affairs and the performance of the company. The normative theory of accounting is defined as the way of recording the transactions in the books of accounts. In order to accomplish this, the conceptual framework of accounting has been developed which entails as to how the financial statements shall be represented. It carries three basic features: Faithful Representation Relevance Consistency Each of the features has its own relevance. The features states that the information stated in the financial statements shall be free from any type of error, shall be relevant for the users and shall apply the accounting policy on consistent basis. On the other hand the positive accounting theory entails that the application of the accounting policy and the accounting treatment has been basically derived from the behavior of the personnel deployed at the accounting function. In the given case, the company has earned the earnings before interest and tax for the year ending 30th of June 2017 and 2016 respectively. The change in their percentage in proportion to sales is 2.78% in 2016 and 4.12% in 2017. The major point in this context is that the sales have been increased only by the proportion of 3.50% approximately (Company Official Website, 2017). It means that the managers and executives might have engaged themselves in the wrong accounting and reporting practices (Kothari and Ball, 2014). The major reason for the diversion in sales and earnings before interest and taxes according to the positive accounting theory is that the behavior of the managers and the executives are governed by the interest of the stakeholders involved. It is because the stakeholder requires the higher earnings per share and that will be arrived with the maximum figure of the earnings before interest and tax. The second reason is the stipulation made by the management of the companies to have the higher earnings before interest and tax in order to plan for obtaining loans from the financial institutions and the banks (Ingram, 2008). Disclosure And Its Quality The disclosure that the financial statements of the company have made seems adequate and appropriate to the nature and size of the business (Sinha, 2012). According to the continuous disclosure scheme, the company shall make the adequate disclosure and on the regular basis and in case any change occurs which will have the material effect then that shall be reported in quick manner. On reading of the Independent Auditors report, it has been observed that the auditors has mentioned the key audit matters and has defined the audit procedures that the auditor has adopted to complete the audit in an efficient manner. The same has been done in accordance with the Auditing standard of Australia having number seven hundred and one. Secondly the company has mentioned the critical accounting estimates under the respective heads. For instance, as per paragraph number 3.3 detailing the property plant and equipment, the annual report has detailed the procedure as to how the useful life of an asset has been estimated and how the carrying value of the assets has been calculated. Similarly as per paragraph number 3.5 detailing the impairment of non financial assets, the calculation of value in use as per the estimated future cash flows has been detailed (Company Official Website, 2017). Thirdly, the disclosure regarding the segment of BIG W has been detailed with reference to the reasons for losses incurred and the future course of action that the company has adopted. The note has also been given that the sensitivity analysis has been conducted and decision has been made accordingly. Fourthly, the company has made the disclosure relating to the segments and according to the accounting standard for segment reporting, five segments have been made available for reporting. These are Australian Food, New Zealand Food, Endeavour Drinks, BIG W and Hotels. With this, the disclosure made in the annual report seems appropriate and adequate. Red Flags In Annual Report Following are the red flags as observed on deep analysis of the annual report: Decrease in the debt equity ratio has been observed as it was 1.67 in the previous year and 1.32 in the current year. These may occur due the stipulations made by the banks in order to maintain the particular level of financial ratios (Phillips and Heiser., 2011). EBIT and Revenue has been increased without having any increase in the market expectations. The impairment loss of 35 million dollars has been accounted for in case of BIG W segment but the same still have been continued further for five years more (Weiss, 2014). The above information requires extensive verification. Reporting Conceptual Framework The company has in total complied with the conceptual framework of accounting as three features of the same are present: Faithful representation Relevance Consistent (Capital Markets Advisory Committee Meeting, 2013; International Accounting Standards Board, 2010) Conclusion The investigation report has been conducted of the annual report of the company Woolworths Limited for the year ending 2017 and 2016. The analysis has been made of the accounting policies adopted for the assets and of the different accounting strategies adopted by the management of the company. The use of the positive accounting theory and the normative accounting theory has been detailed in understanding the manipulative practices adopted by the managers and the executives of the company. The quality of the financial statements has been detailed with reference to the accounting standards and the grey areas have been noticed. The overall report concludes that the strategy of the management shall abide to the provisions of the accounting standards and other laws universally applicable. References Anastasia, (2015), Financial Statement Analysis : An Introduction available on https://www.cleverism.com/financial-statement-analysis-introduction/ accessed on 22-09-2017 Bryer, R.A., 2013. Double-entry bookkeeping and the birth of capitalism: management for the commercial revolution in medieval northern Italy.Critical perspectives on Accounting,4(2), pp.113-140. Capital Markets Advisory Committee Meeting, (2013), Conceptual Framework available on https://www.ifrs.org/Meetings/MeetingDocs/Other%20Meeting/2013/March/AP%203%20conceptual%20framework.pdf accessed on 22-09-2017 Company Official Website, (2017), Annual Reports available at https://www.woolworthsgroup.com.au accessed on 22-09-2017. Cooper S, (2015), A Tale of Prudence, available on https://www.ifrs.org/Investor-resources/Investor-perspectives-2/Documents/Prudence_Investor-Perspective_Conceptual-FW.PDF accessed on 22-09-2017. Ingram, R.W., 2008. A note on teaching debits and credits in elementary accounting.Issues in Accounting Education,13(2), p.411. International Accounting Standards Board, (2010), Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting 2010 , pages 16-21 Kothari, S.P. and Ball, R., 2014.Financial statement analysis. Mcgrew-Hill Companies. Phillips, F. and Heiser, L., 2011. A field experiment examining the effects of accounting equation emphasis and transaction scope on students learning to journalize.Issues in Accounting Education,26(4), pp.681-699. Sinha, G., 2012. Financial statement analysis. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.. Weygandt, J.J., , 2010. Accounting principles.Issues in Accounting Education,25(1), pp.179-180. Weiss D, (2014), Faithful Representation available on https://bschool.huji.ac.il/.upload/Seminars/Faithful%20Representation%20October%202014.pdf accessed on 22-09-2017

Obesity (377 words) Essay Example For Students

Obesity (377 words) Essay ObesityThe numbers do not lie, according to the National Institute of Diabetes 68% of America is either overweight or obese. By definition, a person is obese when their body has enormous proportions of fat, concentrated mainly around the abdomen. Obesity has continued to plaque the United States year after year. Obesity increases a persons risk for diabetes, high blood pressure, stroke and cardiovascular diseases. Obesity has no preference when it comes to color or gender. Age is not a factor either, because of technology and other outside factors, child obesity has increased at alarming rates. Although the United States has the largest obese population in the world, the daily convenience of the American lifestyle causes this condition because of the affect that fast food has on the body, the lack of physical activity and the lack of knowledge concerning a healthy way of life. When it comes to food, convenience is not always a benefit but a hindrance to your body.As children, we were taught the four basic food groups: fruit, Legumes, whole grains, and vegetables. The United States Department of Agriculture as implemented a food pyramid. The new food groups are grains, vegetables, fruits, oils, milk and meat ; beans. It is recommended to consume these foods in certain portions but with the fast pace life that most of America leads eating according the food pyramid is easier said than done. With the high pace lives that Americans lead, cooking duties have been relinquish to line cooks at restaurants like McDonalds, Hardees, and Carls Jr. All of which offer a large variety of foods, from cheeseburgers to salads. The daily recommend caloric intake for an adult is about 1940 calories for a women and 2550 calories for a man (plus or minus 200 depending on activity level) depending on your resource. The process of burning these calories is very complicated. To sum the process up, the body only needs the recommend about of calories, the excess is stored as fat, which can lead to obesity. If a person were to have a cheeseburger meal at Hardees for lunch, which includes a cheeseburger, large fries and a large Coke-a-cola the amount of calories consumed would total 1350 calories. For women, that is more than

The relationship between the angle of a slope incline and the acceleration Essay Example

The relationship between the angle of a slope incline and the acceleration Paper As the angle of the slope incline increases, the acceleration of the model cart moving down it will also increase. I have predicted that acceleration is directly linked with the angle of the slope on which the object is moving. When coming up with this hypothesis, I asked myself the following question, what forces actually act on the model cart as it is going down the slope. There are in fact three forces acting on the cart. The force of gravity (g), friction (F), and the force of reaction (R) (see diagram 1). If we were to draw a Y and X axis on the object, the X axis showing the movement along and the Y axis being perpendicular to that then we can find out how the forces act. On the Y axis, there are two forces, the force of reaction and a fraction of the force of gravity. Since there is no movement along the Y axis we know that the forces cancel out. To find out the reaction force, we can use the formula R = mg cosine   (see diagram). The aim of our experiment is to measure the acceleration as best we can of a wheeled trolley at 3 distinct slope inclines. We will write a custom essay sample on The relationship between the angle of a slope incline and the acceleration specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The relationship between the angle of a slope incline and the acceleration specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The relationship between the angle of a slope incline and the acceleration specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The steps I took to do this are written bellow: 1. Gather all necessary equipment (see Equipment section on following page) and locate a large flat surface, preferably above the group, like a large table 2. Stack several books on one end of the table, not too many. 3. Rest the end of the large wooden board on the stack of books, creating an incline. 4. Measure the angle of this incline from the table, either with a protractor or by using sin/cosine. Record that angle. 5. Carefully place the ticker timer parallel to the top of the board, so that it would be convenient for the tape to come out. Attach all necessary wiring (seek teacher guidance if unaware of what do it). 6. Attach the tape (by means of sticky tape) to the end of the model cart 7. Make sure that there is some sort of block or stopping point at the bottom of the slope, for safety purposes and to know the total distance that the cart will cover (could be used later) 8. Place the cart on its starting point at the top of the slope (try to get it to be in the centre and facing totally forwards to avoid any sideways movements), measure and record the distance from the head of the cart to the blockage point (this will be the distance the cart travels) 9. Switch the ticker timer on (switch on the back), and then carefully release (without any additional force) the cart down the board 10. After the cart has hit the stopping point you may turn off the device. Be sure to then carefully obtain the necessary ticker timer tape and safely store it for further analysis (I will be covering what can be obtained from the information on the tape in the Analyzing Results section). 11. Repeat steps 2-10 again so that you have a 2nd trial (this is handy because you can obtain an average result in order to eliminate any errors) 12. Repeat steps 2-11 using more books, this will give the 2nd larger angle 13. Now finally repeat steps 2-11 using even more books, giving the 3rd and final angle. NOTE: if still unsure of what to do, I strongly recommend viewing Diagram 1 (the set up) below. It should become very clear. Equipment: Usable protractor, Ticker-tape timer (with necessary wiring), flat long wooden board, non-motorized wooden and wheeled trolley, a pile of books or something with height and stability to rest the wooden board on Variables: In this experiment I tried to keep all variables constant, with the exception of the angle of the slope which was changed twice. The distance the cart descends, the surroundings, the cart used and board were all held constant throughout the trials. I have decided that in order to prove my hypothesis correct, I would need to use at least 3 different angles and use 2 trials for each angle (to ensure validity). The 3 angles I chose to investigate were 2. In order to record the acceleration for each, I would first need to have a complete record of the motion of the trolley. The dots that would be presented on the ticker-tape would be sufficient enough for me to then calculate the acceleration of the trolley in each case. The following 3 pages contain results of all three ticker-tapes. To understand what the ticker timer tape does and how we can obtain acceleration from it, see Analyzing Results. Also from those results I have constructed velocity-time graphs (attached) for all trials of all the angles. Results: See following pages Analyzing results (Finding acceleration): In order to analyze the results, we first marked off sections on the tape with 5 dot spaces. This means that 1-dot space is the distance traveled by the trolley in 1/50 second (0. 02 s). So 5 dot spaces is the distance traveled in 1/10 (0. 1 s) If the tape is chopped into its 5 dot-spaces sections, and the sections put side-by-side in correct order, the result is a chart very similar in appearance to that of a speed vs. time graph. The lengths of the sections represent speeds because the trolley travels further in each 0. 1s as its speed increases. Side-by-side, the sections become a time scale because each section starts 0. 1 after the one before. The acceleration of the trolley can be found from measurements on the tape. As I had predicted in my hypothesis, the angle of the slope is directly related to the acceleration of the trolley on the slope. My results strongly suggest that because the acceleration results for a bigger angle were significantly larger then the acceleration for a narrower angle. I believe that the reason for this is due to the relationship between force and acceleration. If the force is larger, then the acceleration is also larger. The forces that were most important in this experiment were the forces of gravity and friction. Gravity pulls all objects down to the surface at an acceleration of 9. 8m/s. And the friction that the cart experienced was increased as the angle increased, making it come down at a greater acceleration. If the trolley was simply dropped next to the slope when the slope was at 90, then the trolley would accelerate to the ground at 9. 8m/s (taking into account that the cart would not make contact with the board, hence no friction). However the angle was 0, or 180 , then the trolley would not move or accelerate at all. Gravity would be affecting it due to the force of reaction canceling it out, and the horizontal surface beneath the trolley would prevent the trolley from moving. When the angle is at 25 , gravity affects the trolley enough to make it accelerate. If you change the angle to 45i however, the force of gravity would be more influential on the trolley. Therefore the trolley would come down at a faster acceleration. Evaluation When it comes to measuring the sources of error and uncertainties in this experiment, I doubt that there is little else to be done to cancel out any more errors. Since a mechanical device (the ticker-timer) did most of the measuring and recording for me, I am unable to be held responsible for any errors inside the machine itself. There was no measurement of time with a stopwatch, however I when I cut up the pieces of the ticker timer tape to be analyzed, that is where errors could have been made. The precision of cutting, and then measuring with a ruler only gave correct measurements to the nearest millimeter. One of the errors I avoided early on while analyzing was to assume that the acceleration was constant since it was partly gravitational. In labs like these, even the most obvious and logical factors may not be just assumed, steps most be taken to prove it. the importance of the errors is very small indeed as seen from the difference in the two trials for each angle was insignificantly small. Also for the aim I chose, and the nature of this experiment, the errors were always unlikely to get in the way of the final result. If granted another opportunity to repeat this experiment, I would certainly change some things. First of all I would chose to perform more then only 2 trials for each angle. I would opt for about 10 trials, then find the average of the 8 best and use that as the final result. Also I would like to experiment with more then 3 angles. As hard as it might be, I would like to try a very steep angle, around 70. Moreover, it would be interesting to see the effect of mass in terms of acceleration. Perhaps try carts with different weights. All in all, the experiment was a success. The small errors did not alter the answers too greatly. The accelerations of both trials where close enough to each other. And my hypothesis stood correct.

Blade Runner-The 6th Replicant essays

Blade Runner-The 6th Replicant essays In the movie Blade Runner, the artificial creatures, known as Replicants, are nearly indistinguishable from human beings. Their one weakness is that of emotion, or more specifically, lack of empathy. A simple test that is able to determine their empathetic responses to simple, but uncomfortable to the average human, situations, is the only way to determine their true form. It has even been suggested by some, that the primary protagonist in the film, Deckard, who is assigned to hunt down and kill the Replicants, is a Replicant himself. In this essay, I shall prove the character Deckard is a Replicant himself. To cheat the argument, let us take the answer from the films director, Ridley Scott. He himself has admitted in an interview with the B.B.C., simply that, He is a Replicant. This however, is as much as we will let Ridley Scott tell us, and simply use this as a basis for further analysis. To begin, let us look at the obvious references to the fact that Decker is a Replicant. Throughout the movie, Gaff leaves little animals as references, and clues, in strategic places. Towards the end of the film, when Deckard and Rachael are fleeing, Decker finds a tiny unicorn, a Pegasus, if you will, in the hallway leading to the elevator. This is a direct reference to earlier in the firm when Decker was daydreaming, and thought of a unicorn. In this, it shows that Gaff has Deckers memories, and is aware that they are Deckers memories. Therefore, Deckers memories are implanted, and he must be a Replicant. Second, during the testing of Rachael to be a Replicant, Decker is asked if he has ever taken the test. In any battery of psychological tests, it is customary, and often required, that the administering party be given the test before he or she is admitted to present the test themselves. Decker admits to never having taken the test, and suggests that he would not take the test, because it would prove h...

Intercultural Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Intercultural Communication - Essay Example Cultural Patterns includes the common beliefs, norms, values, and social practices of a particular community of persons (Lustig & Koester, 2013). The cultural pattern of the Egyptian Muslim group is different from the cultural patterns of Emily’s Roman Catholic group. Mediated communication brings people of diverse cultures, like me and Emily, together (Durant, 2009). In terms of culture, the value of my Muslim and Egyptian group is clearly different from the values of the Roman Catholic Portuguese group. Muslims pray differently from the Roman Catholic devotees. Values, including religious and cultural values, can be described as what one group believes as right or wrong. For example, the Muslims espouse Mohammad is Allah’s messenger and Jesus is a Prophet. However, the Roman Catholics insist that Jesus Christ is a God. Muslims do not celebrate Christmas whereas Roman Catholics celebrate Christmas, the day Mother Mary gave birth to the Christian’s savior, Jesus Christ. Likewise, the Muslims visit Mecca once in their lifetime, when finances allow. On the other hand, the Roman Catholics can visit Jerusalem, the Holiest place of the Roman Catholics, Protestants, Jews, and other Christian groups to celebrate how the God Jesus Christ took the form of a man to save mankind from Satan’s evil embrace and bring the Christians to Paradise (Durant, 2009). Further, it is basically similar to clarity of language communication messages within my culture group and within the other person’s culture. Both Muslim and Roman Catholic groups use similar body language to show how one feels. Both groups comfortably communicate information within their own group. Muslims use the Koran during their religious discussions. On the other hand, the Roman Catholics use the Holy Bible as the center of their Christian beliefs (Durant, 2009). Furthermore, the member of one group can increase knowledge on the other group’s culture (Lustig & Koester, 201 3). Understanding the other group’s culture is a big step towards ensuring cooperation and camaraderie between the two different groups. Next, the members of the two different groups shall have the motivation to enhance understanding and cooperation between the two groups. Communication includes understanding (Tanova, 2010). Also, culture influences how communication is understood (Tanova, 2010). Members of both religious groups must accept the different culture of the other religious group. Instead of forcing one’s religion on the other group, one group must learn to accept the other group’s religious preferences. Forcing one’s beliefs on others equates to discrimination. Part II. Communication can be described as the transfer of messages from one person to another (Lustig & Koester, 2013). The Egyptian person uses English language to communicate with the Portuguese correspondent. The Egyptians inherit the Egyptian culture and language from their parents and grandparents. Likewise, the Portuguese person inherits the Portuguese culture from one’s own parents and grandparents. Further, language communication includes two types (Lustig & Koester, 2013). The first type is spoken communication. Most Egyptian immigrants to the United States, like me, use the English spoken language to discuss topics to the Portuguese friend. The Portuguese frien

Changes to the public benefit requirement under the Charities Act 2006 Essay

Changes to the public benefit requirement under the Charities Act 2006 have transformed the law in the area of charitable trusts. Discuss - Essay Example Alastair Hudson states ‘A charity is defined in the Charities Act 2006 as being ‘an institution which established for charitable purposes only’ and which falls to be subject to the control of the High Court in the exercise of its jurisdiction with respect to charities.’1 Before the act was implemented, there were four charitable purposes known as heads. These heads are the advancement of education, the advancement of religion, the relief of poverty and the benefit of the community. The new act of 2006 aims to reinstate the obligation that are laid charities had of been able to show that their charities directly benefit the public. One of the important purposes of the charities act of 2006 has been Public-benefit requirement. All charitable organizations in the United Kingdom must be able to demonstrate and provide evidence that they have been able to successfully benefit the public. In England and Wales, there are almost 600,000 organizations which includes about 200,000 registered charitable organizations which to not fall under the profit sector. The UK has always been known for having a strong tradition of charitable activities. Other organizations which are most common throughout the world have modern concerns and seek to make a profit whereas c haritable organizations have been around for the last 400 years in England and has been constantly trying to change the area of public benefits. However in the last 400 years, the society in the UK has gone through a number of important changes end there for charitable needs to be abreast with the changing societal patterns in the UK. The voluntary sector has played a major role in the charities of the UK. They have always been the subject of reviews by the government and have worked in close partnership with local and central governments. The Charities Act Of 2006 has therefore been able to provide the voluntary organizations with a much better legal framework for carrying out

The comperison of BNY Mellon and Barclay's bank Research Paper

The comperison of BNY Mellon and Barclay's bank - Research Paper Example 3 Introduction 4 Strengths and Weaknesses of the banks 4 Profitability of the bank over a span of 5 years 5 Mission and vision of the banks 6 Bank’s Financial Position 8 Projected Profitability of the banks 9 Conclusion 11 The above paper held a comparison between the financial states of BNY Mellon and Barclay’s bank with an aim of examining the extent to which each of them could withstand the brunt of the financial crisis and the way that they are prepared in meeting any such crises in future. The paper tried to assess their profitability and financial positions and found the degree of resilience of Barclay’s to be far higher than that of BNY Mellon. However, as far as their investment in assets are concerned, that of BNY Mellon is found to be in a better position than that of its peer. 11 References 11 Abstract The present paper aims at examining the financial positions of two leading banks namely, BNY Mellon and Barclay’s Plc through a close investigati on of their respective financial ratios. Moreover, the paper targets at evaluating the strengths and weaknesses as well as the mission and vision of both banks. ... Both banks faced the brunt of the crisis which was reflected in their respective key financial ratios. The crisis had mainly been the outcome of poorly framed monetary policies which implemented a fall in the rate of interest initially and followed it by a sudden hike in the same. This fickle mindedness took a toll over the financial state of the economy and exposed the frail fundamentals of many of its financial houses. However, the intrinsic strength of many of them were also displayed which prevented these institutions from being fully victimized by the crisis. The present paper tries to draw a comparison between the features which characterize Bank of New York Mellon (BK) and Barclays Bank (BCLYF) on the basis of their respective financial figures over the last 5 years (2006-2010). A close examination into the historical key ratio values can possibly deduce the errors committed and precision adhered to by these banks, which determined the degree of their sustenance. Moreover, it also attempts to figure out the profitability of these banks provided fluctuations in the Fed rate. As the view portrayed by any organization is highly important while assessing its strengths and weaknesses, they too would be inspected though the format of the entire paper will be of a comparative nature. Strengths and Weaknesses of the banks Bank of New York Mellon Total assets of the bank used to consist mostly of fixed assets rather than current assets initially although this factor had been improving over time, implying that the bank’s liquidity position is improving over time. Moreover, the bank’s assets in comparison to its total liabilities are also improving over time. Its increasing reliability on equity financing is also remarkable which promises of the

Ethics Moral Business

Ethics Moral Business A) I chose readings â€Å"Ethics: A basic framework† to analyze first point. From this reading I have formed the view that, although, the markets are impersonal, but particular real persons act directly or through companies, as its managers, in these marketplaces. The mobility of employment, capital, produce and technology is making business increasing global in its transactions and its effects. Laws and market forces are necessary, but insufficient guides for ethical conduct. Moral values in business decision making is very necessary, without them stable business relationship is impossible. All people are very different, but still there are existing instinctive understanding about what is good – bad and what is right – wrong. Human actions are the primary subject – matter of our ethical judgments. By human action we mean behavior or activity that is deliberate. An ethical person always is more agreeable and he looks more reliable than unethical ones. Talking about business, an ethical human doesn’t look only agreeable or good manner person, he also looks honorable, trusted, conscientious and sincere. Ethical person is good partner; he is able to conduct successful negotiations and so on. So a good business human should always be ethical and observe some special rules, principles of conduct and moral values. The deliberate actions we designate as â€Å"ethic† or â€Å"unethical† are usually actions that benefit or harm other people or ourselves positively or negatively in some serious way. However, it’s need acknowledge, people can have different understanding about moral values and ethics. As I understood from readings â€Å"Ethics: A basic framework†, there are many definitions of ethics in society, but in my opinion, the ethic is a system of moral values and principles of market participants. Every person has an ethical set of beliefs or ethical principles. Most people think that cheating or stealing are wrong, promises ought to be kept and so on. Ethic in all its forms is concerned with intention â€Å"right† or â€Å"wrong†, â€Å"good† or â€Å"bad†. The word â€Å"ethic† has a number of meanings. According this framework, there four fundamental questions to which market participant must answer before acting ethically: Is the action consistent with the persons’ basic duties? Does it respect the rights and legitimate claims of the affected parties? Does it reflect best practice? Is it compatible with the persons’ own deeply held commitments? Explaining meaning of â€Å"duty† it should be note, that duty is a human action which is exactly conformable to the laws which require us to obey them. In one cases, basic moral duties involve specific obligations to particular parties (for example, to pay for good), in other cases – more general and open – ended (for example, banks’ duty to be cautions and careful before granting the loans). In common meaning, the natural rights are those which have no relation to the establishment, support, or management of the government. These consist, for example, in the power of acquiring and enjoying property and the like. However, the basic, essential rights like duties are determined in the codes or statutes. Ethical activity is such as it doesn’t violate other person’s rights and liberties (natural or fixed in the codes or statutes). Every person must have a responsibility to respect human rights and democratic institutions. Also recognize government’s legitimate obligation and support public policies and practices that promote human development through harmonious relations between business and other segments of society. Best practice – It are the certain posit principles and standards of excellence, which are desirable, but not necessarily obligatory. Ethical activity isn’t activity, which mere doesn’t violate others persons rights and liberties, however, it must correspond to best practice. Moral commitments are often involve in behavioral rules, such as keep promises or respect property rights., however, in general case, moral commitments are wider person’s obligations than law establishes and it depends on person’s outlook, moral values and etc. For example, the companies have a responsibility to provide theirs customers the highest quality products consistent with their requirements and to ensure its maintenance thought guarantee was over. Or, the company should listen to their employees and act on theirs suggestions, ideas, requests and complains, avoid â€Å"silence† discrimination and guarantee equal treatment and opportunity in areas such as gender, age, race and religions. Presented framework in the article â€Å"Ethics: A basic framework† consist of three main stages: Understanding the facts; Identifying relevant standards; Maintaining objectivity. At first stage, the company has to traverse what it has to do and to forecast possible result of its activity. The analysis, according this framework, consists of three basic components: Identifying the parties likely to be affected by the action; Mapping for each party the positive and negative consequences; Evaluating proposed action against ethical standards (duties, rights, best practice and commitments). At second stage, the company must decide what ethical standards (company’s own code, industry standards or other) will be applied. The last stage – maintaining objectivity. Company must evaluate its ethical judgment reference to various tests. It this case it were given three questions to which company must answer before acting: Would company be comfortable if target action were described on the front page of a respected newspaper (evaluating how company’s actions may be viewed by society); Would company be comfortable if everyone in a similar situation did this (evaluating what would happen if company’s action became the general practice); Is this how I’d (to have in mind manager of company) like my leadership to be remembered (manager’s self – evaluation)? Generally speaking, ethic is very necessary and compulsory for every person (both natural and legal). Business person should be ethical especially. Human actions are not the only subject matter for ethic. Besides action, ethic examines and evaluates social practices, organizations, institutions, and even social, political and economic systems. Good manner and compliance business principles always help to communicate with others, to negotiate, find reliable partner and expand successful business. If a business person agrees with employees, the customers trusted him, if owners and suppliers do not doubt him; every activity will be fortunate and profitable. B) I chose â€Å"IKEA’s Global Sourcing Challenge† Indian Rugs and Child Labor† case to analyze second point. Because the problem of child labor is very tender subject currently, now children have received more attention than before (the word â€Å"child† is understandable as any person below fifteen years of age, unless local minimum age law stipulates a higher age for work or mandatory schooling, in which case the higher age would apply; if, however, the local minimum working age is set at fourteen (14) years of age in accordance with exceptions for developing countries, the lower age will apply). Child labor is understandable as the employment of children under an age determined by law or custom. Human Rights Watch, the largest human rights organization, in their homepage announces, sustaining International Labor Organization (ILO) data, that 250 million children between the ages of five and fourteen work in developing countries – at least 120 mil lion on a full time basis. Sixty-one percent of these were in Asia, 32 percent in Africa, and 7 percent in Latin America. Most working children in rural areas were found in agriculture; urban children worked in trade and services, with fewer in manufacturing, construction and domestic service. The reason of this view to the children – in the early twentieth century it was acknowledged that childrens rights are distinct from those of adults and it must be protected much more. The United Nations in 1989 adopted the Child Rights Convention, which established that children have special rights to protection and special rights to development. But it’s necessary that these rights would be realized in practice. The both individual person and companies must understand clearly meaning and important of Child rights and Child Rights Convention. The IKEA is very proper example of company, which tries to ensure rights of children and promotes negative view of society to illegal child labor in all world, especially, in third world countries (India, Pakistan and etc.). As I understood from readings, IKEA follows by the Child Rights Convention, collaborates with International Labor Organization (ILO), International Organizations Save the Children and UNICEF. Below I will present the main importance points of IKEA activity related with the children rights. In my opinion, the one of most important matters is to acknowledge that problem exists. In this case, IKEA understands and knows that child labor exist in various countries (India, Paskistan and etc.) where IKEA products are manufactured, but IKEA refuse child labor at its suppliers (it must be mentioned that IKEA supports the legal employment of young workers). Possibly, child labor was and is normal traditional phenomenon in some South – East Asian countries and IKEA allows to different cultures and values in countries where IKEA operates and sources its products. However, it does not compromise on the basic requirements regarding the Child Rights Convention. To ensure rights of children IKEA works actively to prevent and detect child labor. At first, IKEA established Childrens Ombudsman (first in 1998, Barner), who is responsible for ensuring that IKEA would operate in such way that wouldn’t violate the best interests of the child. Its work complies with the UN Convention on Child Rights Convention. Also, IKEA has a special code of conduct called The IKEA Way on Preventing Child Labor, which is a part of  The IKEA Way on Purchasing Home Furnishing Products (IWAY). The IKEA Way on Purchasing Home Furnishing Products code is invoked to all suppliers and their sub-contractors. Next – monitoring of compliance to The IKEA Way on Preventing Child Labour is done by IKEA trading service offices and with unexpected visits by internation audit company’s KPMG auditors at suppliers and sub-contractors in South East Asia. If child labor is found, IKEA requires the supplier to act in the best interests of the child. The supplier must implement a corrective and preventive action plan, including education and training. If corrective action is not made within an agreed time frame, or if further violations occur, IKEA terminates all business relationship with the supplier and their sub-contractors. The complexity of the child labor issue requires contribution and influence of many parties (countries’ governments, international organisation defending human rights and etc.), not only IKEA. IKEA understands that problem of child labor can’t solve by economic blockade. By co-operating closely with International Organizations such as UNICEF and Save the Children, the IKEA Social Initiative tries to create the general support structure necessary to tackle the root causes of child labour and achieve a sustainable solution. The IKEA Social Initiative supports a project, run by UNICEF, promoting childrens rights in the northern Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, from where IKEA sources many of its carpets. The aim is to prevent and eliminate child labor in the carpet belt by addressing root causes such as debt, poverty, lack of access to education disability and ill health. Despite to putting forth, IKEA confronts with child labor yet. It should be note that this goal (to eliminate child labor) can’t be achieved straight away. Only complex strategies that involves access to education opportunities, open avenues for gainful employment and eradicate parental illiteracy can eventually eliminate child labor. C) I’m working in AB DnB NORD bank – I’m the Head of Special assets department. The Bank is part of the DnB NORD banking group registered in Denmark. This holding was established by Norway’s largest bank DnB NOR and North Germany’s largest bank NORD/LB. As I understood from readings and discusses it’s very important that each employee of AB DnB NORD bank exercises due care and refrains from acts that could weaken confidence in and is loyal to AB DnB NORD bank. To achieve this goals each employee must know AB DnB NORD bank’s vision, values, policies and procedures. If in doubt as to whether certain action is allowed, the employee of AB DnB NORD bank must abstain from it. A bank is a very specific company, the high requirements of ethics is applied to it and its employee. According my understanding about ethics no employee may participate in or seek to influence a decision where special circumstances exist which might bring the issue of his or her impartiality into question. Such a circumstance could be any connection with the matter under consideration, e.g. through relatives, close associates or financial interests, etc. An employee is also not authorised to take decisions if circumstances exist that may lead others to believe that he or she promotes interests other than those of AB DnB NORD bank. This also applies to actions undertaken by the employee as a private individual. I think, that employees of my organization must exercise due care in situations where their integrity could be questioned. No employee or close associate shall require, receive or accept any offer of â€Å"undue benefits† from bank’s business connections. Nor must any employee give or offer others undue benefits. AB DnB bank employees can see various personal data of customers. By my opinion, employees in AB DnB NORD bank following by perception of ethics can’t, via the computer systems or in other non-public sources, to actively seek information about colleagues, customers or third parties when they do not need to be privy to such information in order to carry out their work. As a part of ethics, especially in the banking system, is observance of confidentiality. It’s essential to ensure that confidential information is not misused or passed on to unauthorised persons. Employees of AB DnB NORD bank group would be recommended to refrain from other activity if it that may lead to believe that it could have negative impact of the employee’s performance in AB DnB NORD bank group or weaken confidence in AB DnB NORD bank group. However, in my opinion, it wouldn’t be violation of ethics if employee would participate in clubs or associations. To avoid conflicts of interests, parents/children or spouses/partners should not work in the same structural unit if one of them is a immediate superior to the other. Nor should such persons hold positions where they have the opportunity to prevent, evaluate, approve, audit, control or in any other way affect the work of the other. For this perception of ethics to be effective, it is especially important for each employee to continuously value his or her activity in relation to ethics rules. All employees in a managerial position have a particular responsibility for ensuring that their conduct as well as that of their subordinates complies with the Code of ethics at all times. It would useful that companies, especially banks, insurance companies and other companies, which activity is related to upper trust of society, would have the policy of ethics, which would be is an integral part of the employment agreement and rules of internal work procedure of the companies and the employees will be familiarised with the policy of ethics. The employees non fulfilling, non-complying or ignoring the regulations of the Code of Ethics shall be subject to disciplinary punishment. Depending on the degree of breach of the Code of Ethics, employee‘s guilt and resulting outcome, the employee may imposed to disciplinary punishment, including dismissal from the position without notice.

libya Essay example -- essays research papers

Libya is an Arab country in northern Africa. It lies on the coast of the Mediterranean Sea. The country is bordered by Egypt and Sudan on the east, Chad and Niger on the south, and Algeria and Tunisia on the west. Tripoli is Libya's capital and largest city. The vast, dry Sahara covers most of Libya, and the country has few natural resources. But the discovery of petroleum in 1959 injected huge sums of money into Libya's economy. The government of Libya used some of this wealth to improve farmland and provide services for the people. Almost all of Libya's people are of mixed Arab and Berber ancestry and are Muslims. Until the early 1900's, Libya consisted of three separate geographical and historical regions. It became a united, independent country in 1951. Libya's official name is the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya. Government Muammar Muhammad al-Qadhafi is Libya's head of state, but he holds no official title. In 1969, Qadhafi led a military revolt that overthrew the ruling monarchy. Libya's government is based on popular assemblies. All Libyan citizens age 18 or older may vote and hold public office. About 1,000 local groups elect a representative to the General People's Congress (GPC), which officially runs the national government. The General People's Congress meets every year to consider legislation and to select the members of the General People's Committee, which develops national policy. Libya is divided into 24 political units called bal...

Changing the Target Audience in Retail Sales

â€Å"On average, middle-aged consumers devote 39 percent of their retail expenditure to department store products and services, while for younger consumers the average is only 25 percent. Since the number of middle-aged people will increase dramatically within the next decade, department stores can expect retail sales to increase significantly during that period. Furthermore, to take advantage of the trend, these stores should begin to replace some of those products intended to attract the younger consumer with products intended to attract the middle-aged consumer. Essay 1: The argument that department retail sales will increase in the next 10 years and thus department stores should begin to replace products to attract middle-aged consumers is not entirely logically convincing, since it omits certain crucial assumptions First of all, the argument ignores the absolute amount of retail expenditure of middle-aged and younger consumers devoted to department store products and services. Although younger consumers spend a smaller percentage of their retail expenditure to department store products than do the middle-aged consumers, they might actually spend more in terms of the absolute amount. Even if middle-aged consumers are spending more than younger ones in department stores, the argument ignores the possibility that the trend may change within the next decade. Younger consumers might prefer to shop in department stores than in other types of stores, and middle-aged consumers might turn to other types of stores, too. This will lead to a higher expenditure of younger consumers in department stores than that of middle-aged consumers. Besides, the argument never addresses the population difference between middle-aged consumers and younger ones. Suppose there are more younger consumers than the middle-aged ones now, the total population base of younger consumers will be bigger than that of the middle-aged ones if both of them grow at the same rate in the next decade. Thus there will be a bigger younger consumer base. Based on the reasons I listed above, the argument is not completely sound. The evidence in support of the conclusion does little to prove the conclusion since it does not address the assumptions I have already raised. Ultimately, the argument might have been more convincing by making it clear that the absolute population of middle-aged consumers are higher than that of the younger consumers and the number will continue to grow in the next decade, and that the middle-aged consumers will continue to spend more money in department stores than younger consumers do in the next decade. Essay 2: The argument that retailers should replace some of the products intended to attract the younger consumers with products intended to attract the middle-aged consumers is not entirely logically convincing, since it ignores certain crucial assumptions. First, the argument omits the assumption that the business volumes of both the middle-aged consumers and the younger consumers are the same. If the business volume of the middle-aged consumers’ 39% is smaller than that of the younger consumers’ 25%, the retail sales will not increase during the next decade. Second, even if the business volumes of both the middle-aged consumers and the younger consumers were the same in the last decade, the increase of the middle-aged people in the next decade is not the same as the increase of the retail expenditure, for the retail trade depends more on such factors as the economic circumstances, people’s consuming desire. Finally, the argument never assumes the increase of the younger consumers within the next decade. If the younger consumers increase at the same rate and spend the same amount of money on the goods and services of department stores, the retailers should never ignore them. Thus the argument is not completely sound. The evidence in support of the conclusion that the growing number of middle-aged people within the next decade does little to prove the conclusion—that department stores should begin to replace some of their products to attract the middle-aged consumers since it does not address the assumptions I have already raised. Ultimately, the argument might have been strengthened by making it clear that the business volumes of both types of consumers are the same and comparable, that the increase of a certain type of consumers are correlated with the increase of the retail sales, and that the growth rate of the younger consumers are the same as that of the middle-aged consumers. Essay 3: Based on an expected increase in the number of middle-aged people during the next decade, the author predicts that retail sales at department stores will increase significantly over the next ten years. To bolster this prediction, the author cites statistics showing that middle-aged people devote a much higher percentage of their retail expenditure to department-store services and products than younger consumers do. Since the number of middle-aged consumers is on the rise and since they spend more than younger people on department-store goods and services, the author further recommends that department stores begin to adjust their inventories to capitalize on this trend. Specifically, it is recommended that department stores increase their inventory of products aimed at middle-aged consumers and decrease their inventory of products aimed at younger consumers. This argument is problematic for two reasons. First, an increase in the number of middle-aged people does not necessarily portend an overall increase in department-store sales. It does so only on the assumption that other population groups will remain relatively constant. For example, if the expected increase in the number of middle-aged people is offset by an equally significant decrease in the number of younger people, there will be little or no net gain in sales. Second, in recommending that department stores replace products intended to attract younger consumers with products more suitable to middle-aged consumers, the author assumes that the number of younger consumers will not also increase. Since a sizable increase in the population of younger consumers could conceivably offset the difference in the retail expenditure patterns of younger and middle-aged consumers, it would be unwise to make the recommended inventory adjustment lacking evidence to support this assumption. In conclusion, this argument is unacceptable. To strengthen the argument the author would have to provide evidence that the population of younger consumers will remain relatively constant over the next decade.

Greek Gods essays

Greek Gods essays When you think of Greek Mythology, you think of Zeus, probably, or Hercules (which is Roman). Well, there is A LOT more to it than just him. I mean a lot, a lot. There are dozens upon dozens of gods. But not all of them are worth mentioning, but most are. Because I cant make this very long, I have cut it down to the main three gods: Zeus, Poseidon, and Hades. But, I will start out by telling how the world was created and the gods were born, according to Greek Mythology. It all started with Chaos. It was dark, nothing was around. Out of the darkness came Erebus, which is the unknowable place where death dwells, and Night. It was still dark, when out of nowhere came Love, which brought order. Love brought Light and Day with it. With Light and Day, Gaea, the earth, was born. Gaea gave birth to Uranus, which became the heavens. They mated and produced 3 Cyclopes, 3 Hecatoncheires (beings with 100 pairs of arms, all equally strong), and the 12 Titans. Gaea didnt like Uranus, he was a bad husband and a bad father. So she conspired against him. None of her children, the Titans, would help her, except Cronus. Cronus was the youngest Titan of them all. He attacked him when he was sleeping and castrated him. The blood from Uranus created the Giants, Ash Tree Nymphs, and the Erinnyes. Cronus took over for his father and imprisoned the Cyclopes and the Hecatoncheires in Tartarus (Tartarus is the ultimate prison, worse than the Underworld, where there is no way you are getting out unless you are released.) He married his sister Rhea and all the Titans had many children during his reign. He was told one of his kids would overthrow him when they got older. So, to keep the from happening, he swallowed each of his children, except one. Rhea took her sixth child, Zeus, and hid him in the land of Crete. She then took a stone, wrapped it in a cloth and presented it to Cronus, which he then swallowed, thinking...

Community Placement In A Resource Center Social Work Essay Essays

Community Placement In A Resource Center Social Work Essay Essays Community Placement In A Resource Center Social Work Essay Essay Community Placement In A Resource Center Social Work Essay Essay A community Development undertaking should be able to show the public wellness pattern in entireness, use the public wellness theories and set into pattern the community development rules. One of the rules is being able to turn to the precedence demand of the community with their full engagement thereby authorising them and most significantly working within the societal theoretical account of wellness. The societal theoretical account of wellness is a theoretical frame work which considers the wellness of persons and the community as a consequence of complex and interacting societal, economic, environmental and personal factors. ( Ottewill and wall, 2003 ) . This model operates on the belief that improved wellness and well-being is achieved by concentrating on the societal and environmental determiners of wellness in tandem with biological and medical factors. The societal theoretical account of wellness says that 50 % of our wellness is determined by wider determiners such as Housing, Income and educational degree which affects non merely the persons but the community as a whole ( CDHN, 2009 ) , hence a community development attack to wellness efforts to work upriver, concentrating on the root cause of sick wellness such as poorness and educational disadvantage. Kelleher and Marshall ( 2002 ) suggested that working within the societal theoretical account of wellness licenses persons and communities to build their ain definition of wellness and hence identify of import factors that influence wellness depending on the specific context. The construct of a community is based on the idea that how people behave and their well-being is influenced by their interaction with others ( SCCD, 2001 ) . An grounds based definition of a community is a group of people with diverse features who are linked by societal ties, portion common positions and prosecute in joint action in geographical scene or location. This definition hence qualifies the Muslim adult females in Glasgow North as a community. This brooding essay purposes to give an account and in depth analysis of a non governmental Scottish charity undertaking run by Muslim adult females for Muslim adult females in Glasgow, with a position of placing good pattern, relevancy to public wellness pattern development and the application of the theory to pattern. The topic of the community arrangement will be referred to as the resource centre through out this essay in order to protect the existent names and individualities of the centre and its staff. The resource centre handles societal affairs like racial torment, mourning, divorce instances, entree to instruction, forced matrimonies, in-migration affairs, mental wellness issues, relationship affairs, lodging issues and domestic Violence. For the intent of this essay I would be concentrating on Domestic Violence. This write-up will travel a long manner to explicate and critically analyze the extent to which the protection, proviso and bar of domestic force against adult females project identifies with public wellness pattern. A brief reappraisal of the literature of domestic maltreatment will be discussed thenceforth. I will afterwards analyze the undertaking while discoursing issues like wellness demand appraisal, wellness inequality, partnership planning, monitoring and rating as good public wellness patterns identified in the undertaking. I intend to eventually discourse the contemplation and relevancy of the survey while doing the necessary recommendations. Domestic Violence and Public Health Domestic force could be defined as any incident of endangering behaviour, force, or maltreatment ( psychological, physical, sexual, fiscal, and emotional ) between grownups who are or have been in intimate spouses or household members irrespective of gender or gender. Gender-based force includes a host of harmful behaviors that are directed at adult females and misss because of their sex, including married woman maltreatment, sexual assault, and dowry-related slaying, and matrimonial colza, selective undernourishment of female kids, forced harlotry, female venereal mutilation and sexual maltreatment of female kids. Vulnerable individuals or a kid in the environment where they are witnessing domestic maltreatment are besides inclusive. ( Scots Executive cardinal research unit, 2000 ) The British Medical Association ( 2006 ) explained in its publication that a kid who has witnessed domestic maltreatment has an increased hazard of sing mental wellness jobs in grownup live. Domestic Violence is associated with Health Inequality in the society particularly towards the adult females and kids. It constitutes the male maltreatment of power which occurs in all societal groups non caused by emphasis, intoxicant, unemployment, mental unwellness or by the adult females ( Scots Executive cardinal research unit, 2000 ) Domestic Violence is a major public wellness issue impacting all age, socio- economic group and all sectors of life.. it is presently being recognized by the authorities non merely as a condemnable issue but besides as a public wellness affair ( Government proposal on domestic force, 2003 ) .Domestic Abuse is a lodging issue, human right issue, kid protection issue, mental wellness issue and all these harmonizing to the societal theoretical account of wellness are determiners of wellness. A Recent study by the triennial maternal mortality ( CEMACH, 2004 ) showed that domestic maltreatment is a hazard factor for maternal decease and for the twelvemonth 2000- 2002 eleven new female parents were murdered within six hebdomads of giving birth by their spouses. It besides increases the opportunities of pregnant adult females imbibing, smoking which so affects the life of the unborn kid thereby increasing the babies mortality rate. The high prevalence of Domestic Violence impacts economically on the society. Support systems are overstretched ; there is increased cost of supplying medical attention for approximately 100,000 adult females seeking medical aid due to domestic maltreatment. A batch of adult females are stateless with about 7000 adult females and kids looking for safety shelter everyday ( Seymour, 2001 ) Violence against adult females has late been recognized by the United Nations as a cardinal maltreatment of adult females s human rights. The sensitivenesss and stigma associated with domestic maltreatment, the conceptualisation of it chiefly as a judicial and legal issue, and the deficiency of informations on the dimension of the maltreatment have hampered apprehension and the development of appropriate intercession ( Lori et al, 1994 ) Incidence and prevalence of domestic Abuse Domestic force histories for between 16 % and one one-fourth of all recorded violent offense. ( Home Office,2004 ; Dodd et al. , 2004 ; BCS, 1998 ; Dobash and Dobash, 1980 ) . Harmonizing to Stanko, ( 2000 ) an incident is reported to the constabulary every minute. Womans are much more likely than work forces to be the victim of multiple incidents of maltreatment, and of sexual force. 45 % adult females and 26 % work forces had experienced at least one incident of inter-personal force in their life-times ( Walby and Allen, 2004 ) , nevertheless when there were more than 4 incidents ( i.e. on-going domestic or sexual maltreatment ) 89 % of victims were adult females. In 2004 harmonizing to Walby and Allen ( 2004 ) there are 13 million separate incidents of physical force or menaces of force against adult females from spouses or former spouses doing an norm of 2 adult females a hebdomad killed by a male spouse or former spouse and this constitutes around tierce of all female homicide v ictims. ( Department of Health,2005. ) The British Crime Survey conducted in 2000 found that adult females are most likely to be sexually attacked by work forces who are known to them. 45 % of colzas reported to the study were perpetrated by current spouses. ( Home Office Research Study 237, 2002 ) . One Scots study found that a bulk of work forces who said that they were victims of domestic force, were besides culprits of force ( 13 of 22 ) , and on being re-interviewed, a farther 13 subsequently said they had really neer experienced any signifier of domestic maltreatment. ( Scots Executive Central Research Unit, 2002 ) . On the international degree consistent findings has been recorded. An analysis of 10 separate domestic force prevalence surveies by the Council of Europe showed that 1 in 4 adult females experience domestic force over their life-times, and between 6-10 % of adult females Suffer domestic force in a given twelvemonth. ( Council of Europe, 2002 ) .Another survey done by the World Health Organisation, domestic force was found to be widespread in all 10 states studied, though there was considerable fluctuation between states, and between metropoliss and rural countries. ( Garcia-Moreno, C. , et al. , 2005 ) .Krug et Al ( 2002 ) found that internationally 40 % -70 % of female slaying victim were killed by their spouse and about 4 % 8 % of work forces. Domestic force is internationally acknowledged to be one of the major wellness Inequalities impacting adult females peculiarly, and forms a important obstruction to their having effectual wellness attention. ( World Health Organisation,1997 ; United Nations, 1993 ) . Different signifier of maltreatment is been experienced by adult females with spouse maltreatment ( non-sexual ) being the most normally experient type of intimate force among both work forces and adult females. 28 % of adult females and 17 % of work forces reported holding experienced such maltreatment. ( Coleman et al. 2007 ) still hunt is besides was normally experienced with 9 % of adult females and 7 % of work forces reported holding Experienced it in the last twelvemonth with obscene or endangering phone calls being the common signifiers. ( Coleman et al 2007 ) . About half of adult females ( 48 % ) who had experienced confidant spouse force since the age of 16 had experienced more than one type of intimate force. Work force were less likely to hold experienced multiple signifiers of intimate force ( 33 % ) . ( Coleman et al. 2007 ) Serious sexual assault was most likely to be committed by person known to the victim ( 89 % of female and 83 % of male victims ) . Merely over half ( 54 % ) of female victims reported that a spouse or ex-partner had been the wrongdoer. ( Coleman et al. 2007 ) . Women besides suffer from non sexual household maltreatment ( coleman at al.2007 ) Domestic force has immense impact both physically, psychologically, and wellness wise on both the adult females and their kids A survey of 200 adult females s experiences of domestic force commissioned by Women s Aid, found that 60 % of the adult females had left because they feared that they or their kids would be killed by the culprit. ( Humphreys A ; Thiara, 2002 ) . In the same survey, 76 % of detached adult females suffered post-separation force, and more than half of those with post-separation kid contact agreements with an opprobrious ex-partner continued to hold serious, ongoing jobs with this contact ( Humphreys and Thiara, 2002 ) .There are a greater hazard of homicide by these adult females at the point of separation or after go forthing a violent spouse. ( Lees, 2000 ) .A survey showed that 42 % of all female homicide victims, compared with 4 % of male homicide victims, were killed by current or former spouses in England and Wales in the twelvemonth 2000/01. This equates to 102 adult females, an norm of 2 adult females each hebdomad ( Home Office, 2001 ) . Domestic force was found to be the individual most quoted ground for going homeless ( Cramer and Carter 2002 ) . Violence against adult females has serious effects for their physical and mental wellness, and adult females who have experienced maltreatment from her spouse may endure from chronic wellness jobs of assorted sorts. ( Stark and Flitcraft, 1996 ; Williamson, 2000 ; British Medical Association, 1998 ; Crispand Stanko, 2001 ) Abused adult females are more likely to endure from depression, anxiousness, psychosomatic systems, eating jobs and sexual disfunction. Violence may besides impact their generative wellness. ( WHO,2000 ) . 70 % of incidents of domestic force consequence in hurt, ( compared with 50 % of incidents of familiarity force, 48 % of alien force and 29 % of mugging. ) ( Dodd et al. , 2004 ) 75 % of instances of domestic force consequence in physical hurt or mental wellness effects to adult females. ( Home Office, 2001 ) The cost of handling physical wellness of victims of domestic force, ( including infirmary, GP, ambulance, prescriptions ) is ?1,220,247,000, i.e. 3 % of en tire NHS budget. ( Walby, 2004 ) The cost of handling mental upset due to domestic force is ?176,000,000. ( Walby,2004 ) . Between 50 % and 60 % of adult females mental wellness service users have experienced domestic force, and up to 20 % will be sing current maltreatment. ( Department of Health, 2003 ) . Domestic force has been identified as a premier cause of abortion or still-birth ( Mezey, 1997 ) , and of maternal deceases during childbearing ( Lewis and Drife, 2001, 2005 ) .Children are besides enormously affected by domestic force. At least 750,000 kids a twelvemonth informant domestic force. ( Department of Health, 2002 ) . And Children who live with domestic force are at increased hazard of behavioral jobs and emotional injury, and mental wellness troubles in big life. ( Kolbo, et al. , 1996 ; Morley and Mullender, 1994 ; Hester et al.,2000 ) About three quarters of kids on the at hazard registry live in families where domestic force occurs and 52 % of kid protection insta nces affecting domestic force. ( Department of Health, 2002 ; Farmer and Owen, 1995 ) . COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PROJECT/SUSTAINABILITY Community development means a community engagement that helps people to assist themselves by promoting them to be involved in corporate activities to finally work out a common job and purpose towards accomplishing common end ( Gilchrist, 2007 ) . Barr and Hashagen ( 2000 ) described community development as a docket that comprise of procedures like authorization, acquisition, democracy and results, backed up by good support, staff, information, proper rating and airing. Some of the cardinal Qualities of a good community development undertaking as suggested by the Scots Government ( SE, 2004 ) are, community engagement, community acquisition and development ; the usage of cognition, accomplishments, beef uping and bettering communities, people led development and the function of the single spouse in determination devising. Bettering public services and supplying buttocks to chief watercourse services for both the high and low socio economic category is besides really of import ( SE, 2 004 ) . The resource centre follows a community development attack holding the Muslim adult females as the mark community and their undertakings of have the above defined functions as they are all community led undertakings which finally empowers the people of the community. it is service user positive and involves full engagement from people of the community. they center has bead in Sessionss for clients during hebdomad yearss, free entree to computing machines and a resource library incorporating an spread outing scope of books, cusps, magazines, on different subjects particularly on Islamic subjects peculiarly Focused towards adult females. Information on services and resources in Glasgow and remainder of Scotland is besides available in the library. They center is managed by both staff and voluntaries who give high quality service to the community and in return receive preparation, work experience, make New friends and frequently increase their assurance, accomplishments and cognition. The sustainability program for mwrc appeared to trust on the sponsorship of the spouse organisations for both the preparation and running of the organisation. Gray, ( 2007 ) suggested that the possible to lend to sustainability is by direct action and by puting good illustrations of pattern particularly in the country of answerability. The Resource centre being wholly a voluntary organisation, receives funding from the council, Voluntary action fund, Scottish community foundation, Gannochy trust, Culture and athletics Glasgow, and adult females s Fund for Scotland for sustainability. This sustainability agreement is non strong as it relies on unsure fiscal marks and a limited timeframe to accomplish those ( Gray, 2007 ) and could take to the disconnected expiration of undertakings once the support is no more. HEALTH NEED ASSESSMENT Health need assessment offers a good return off point for a community development undertaking in order to hold targeted undertakings which are really good to the people of the community and it besides helps in forestalling wellness inequality ( Arblaster et al 1996 ) . Billings ( 2002 ) described wellness demand appraisal as designation of factors that must be addressed in order to better the wellness of the population and as suggested by Twinn et Al ( 1990 ) involves the aggregation informations to place wellness demand of the community and its analysis to prioritize schemes in wellness betterment. They Local population could be involved to spot for themselves what they consider their precedence demands ( Billing 2002 ) . They engagement of the local community is normally employed in community development undertakings to guarantee that precedence undertakings are carried out and besides to undertake wellness inequality. Bidmead and Cowley ( 2005 ) besides highlighted the importance of client/professional partnership towards advancing a fruitful wellness demand appraisal. In pattern the theory of wellness demand appraisal was applied in the resource centre which started its journey in 1997 and opened its doors to the populace in April 2002. It is a Scots charity run by adult females with the intent of interrupting down barriers and enabling Muslim adult females to take part in all facet of society without holding to compromise their belief and values. Following the wellness demand appraisal which was done through the engagement of the Muslim community, the critical demands and concern identified are Lack of cognition of aid available taking to hapless take up of mainstream services by Muslim adult females in demand, Lack of assurance that they mainstream services will be able to understand the issues impacting them and institutional favoritism forestalling consumption of services, Increase in Islamophobia and fright of favoritism and torment taking to diminishing interaction with mainstream society at all degrees and most significantly Family and marr iage jobs. In order to turn to these concerns, they operate at three different degrees, Working with policy shapers and mainstream supplier to get the better of the barriers to civic engagement and entree to services ; set abouting development work to construct the assurance of Muslim adult females, address their issues and advance societal coherence and supplying a scope of direct assisting services to adult females in a manner that meets their specific demands.As highlighted by Bidmead and Cowley ( 2005 ) the services of trained voluntaries were employed to further heighten the client/professional relationship thereby advancing better appraisal. Partnership Partnership is a really of import construct in community development and public wellness as a whole as it underpins both public wellness policy and pattern. It is an indispensable tool being employed to undertake the societal theoretical account of wellness. it encourages community engagement and single functions and helps to co-coordinate the group activity in order to avoid convergence ( Warren et al 1974 ) . El Ansari et Al ( 2001 ) saw partnership as an official relationships among people who normally have same purposive end while Hudson and Hardy ( 2001 ) identified that partnership may non merely be official as it besides occurs between professionals and non professionals bing either horizontally or vertically between degrees ( Powel and Exworthy 2002 ) . Bidmead and Cowley ( 2005a ) defined partnership as A Respectful, negotiated manner of working together that enables picks ; engagement, and equity within an honest, swearing relationship that is based in empathy, support and reciprocality. Though argued by Challis at EL ( 1988 ) that partnership is word hard to give helpful significance in pattern, partnership could be seen as an effectual relationship between clients and practician geared towards accomplishing an purpose through coaction and active engagement ( Warren et al 1974 ) . Partnership is presently been acknowledged in both authorities policy and pattern ( Scots Executive1998 ; secretary of province for northern Ireland 1998 ; secretary of province Waless 1998 ) as there is a bound to what an bureau working entirely on its ain can accomplish ( Huxham and Macdonald 1999 ) . Major progress in wellness involves betterment in all facet of populating both socially and economically ( Mckeown,1976 ) and this is merely accomplishable through collaborative attempts of single, community, organisations and Government ( WHO 1991 ) . Barnes and Sullivan besides argues that partnership is a major tool in undertaking wellness inequality as it enables authorities resources to be suitably and equally distributed to both the the rich and the cultural minority to better wellness services. Davis and Fallowfield ( 1991 ) suggested that partnership improves professional contentment and reduces stress though for effectivity aimed ends should be made clear and professional accomplishment and cognition upheld despite complimentary expertness of the community ( Bidmead and Cowley 2005a ) . Partnership though really good is non without some booby traps some of which are issues with co-ordination, fall ining up ends and policy, answerability and engagement ( Sullivan and skelcher 2002 ) .Douglas, ( 2009 ) feels that partnership working can go forth participants confused and ill-defined about their function one time there is deficiency of clear leading, counsel and support..He besides stated that substructure built around some p erson in partnership goes down one time the persons are no more. The hazards and negative facet of partnership working include partnership overload and partnership weariness, the potency for exaggerating it ; hence there should be a bound to the figure that constitutes a feasible partnership ( Bamford et al, 2003 ) .Baginsky ( 2007 ) feels that most partnerships lack lucidity and consistence in usage of eligible standards and there is demand for lucidity of functions and delegating of duties. Inter-organizational partnerships is been seen as the key to better partnerships ( Hudson and Hardy 2002 ) . Despite these booby traps, development of partnership attacks is encouraged by policy shapers and the Government in community development undertakings In Practice, there are groundss of application of theory of partnership for illustration in order to further accomplish its purpose, MWRC is actively involved in partnerships and Advisory groups to enable community coherence, and overcome stereotypes and misconstruing between communities. They spouse with both the community, local bureaus, the authorities and international organic structures to promote community engagement and guarantee that more demand based undertakings are carried out. They issue brought up by Hudson and Hardy ( 2002 ) is besides being applied by the resource centre as they are involved in inter-organizational partnership. As stated by Huxham and Macdonald ( 1999 ) a batch of accomplishment was made by the resource centre through their partnership with the Government and some local bureaus. Self employment chance workshop was organized in partnership with and delivered by Business Gateway Glasgow aimed at sensitising the adult females on the demand to be freelance to enable them to be financially dependent. Money Advice workshops organized in partnership with Glasgow metropolis Councils fiscal inclusion squad provided information about fiscal issues with the purpose of authorising adult females to let them to cover with fiscal issues and troubles. The participants found the workshop really enlightening and educating. Support was provided for the scorch female parents through the Single female parents workshop organised in partnership with REED with the purpose of promoting individual female parents into the work force. They Muslim and cultural minority adult females were through the Stairss to excellence for personal success a programme built around the nucleus construct of the Pacific institute Affirmed of the right of all persons to accomplish their God given potencies and empower people through instruction and preparation to let them to acknowledge their ability to take growing, personal freedom, and personal excellence. The effectivity o f partnership engagement and single functions ( Warrens at el 1974 ) were really apparent in the pattern of the resource centre. Having discussed the theories of Community development undertakings, wellness demand appraisal and partnership with their application in pattern, I would so discourse Health inequality, Monitoring and Evaluation. HEALTH INEQUALITY Health inequality has been a cosmopolitan job though Darey Smith et Al ( 2001a ) described it as inequality in wellness experienced by black and minority cultural groups. Health inequality has long been associated with ethnicity and socio -economic statue ( Acheson 1998:11 ) . . The international community emphasizes the importance of undertaking inequalities as a affair of urgency ( WHO, 2005 ) Baggort ( 2000 ) described wellness inequality as the unfairness or the inequality that are seen as being unjust. Health inequality is a major issue for public wellness practician working at the community degree and attempts are made to indentify what can be done at the local degree. Arblaster et Al ( 1996 ) and Gillies ( 1998a, B ) commented on the effectivity of inter-sectorial partnership as a manner of undertaking wellness inequality. public wellness practicians can ease partnership with relevant bureaus for specific wellness demand of the people every bit good as advocator for those demands ( Roberts 2000 ) .Lobbying of policy shapers at all degrees to act upon wellness policies has besides been seen as manner of tacking wellness inequalities ( Muir Gray 2001 ) and the usage of media has been found really effectual ( Chapman 2001 ) .Advocacy and Lobbying is one of the tools employed in the resource centre for illustration through Advocacy the provides a voice for Muslim adult fe males that contribute to the authorities audiences, policy, and Strategy in grownup acquisition issues. The protagonism programmes include professional protagonism, face to face with the service user and ongoing protagonism in household issues. Besides through representations in the acquisition nexus Scotland policy and Executive commission, consciousness is being drawn to the demands and issues impacting Muslim adult females entree to acquisition and instruction Roberts ( 2000 ) stated that engagement of the people of the community to place their wellness demand and taking action towards solution through development of healthy life undertakings help to undertake inequality every bit good as make people of the lower socio economic position and minority group have entree to the wellness attention. Patterson and Judge ( 2002 ) besides suggested that referral systems in wellness attention and place visiting are besides really effectual ways of cut downing wellness inequality. In Practice, there are grounds of the immense attempt made to forestall wellness inequality and increase the handiness to wellness attention by the cultural minority particularly the Muslim adult females. Information, Advice-Free, confidential religion and culturally non judgmental information and advice on Domestic Abuse and household issues is provided chiefly through bead in Sessionss and besides by assignment. Service users ab initio receive appraisal and aid on their f irst visit and as encouraged by Patterson and Judge ( 2002 ) referrals are made with their understanding for other services in the chief watercourse or elsewhere. The service is provided in the service user preferable linguistic communication as most of the staff and voluntaries are bilingual and translators are besides available. The societal theoretical account of wellness considers how wider determiners than the presence or absence of disease have an impact on people s wellness ( Dahlgren A ; Whitehead, 1991, CDHN, 2005, Graham, 2007 ) hence the proviso of other services to assist increase the quality of life of the adult females. Such services are Reding provided by trained voluntary counsellors and reding attack is used with the service users to enable them do informed determination and picks. For many adult females this helps them to speak through personal issues while besides having practical aid, and for bulk of the clients the discovery this attack really appropriate. Formal guidance utilizing individual centered attack is besides provided where necessary, Provision of Helpline and Help get off service to offer information, advice and a listening ear in a religion and culturally sensitive manner. The Helpline operators speak English and besides have available translators and they use assorted mediums to make out to the most vulnerable and stray Muslim adult females in Scotland to guarantee equality in distribution of wellness attention. They helpline staff continue to endeavor to work in partnership with both mainstream and private sector organisation to guarantee that the Muslim adult females are able to prosecute and voice out their demands in the society. They Help mail is a dedicated confidential electronic mail reference available for adult females who would prefer the mail.its receives over 200 mails and its increasing going popular with bureaus seeking advice and information on issues refering Muslim adult females. And the Provision of friends and support to isolated, lonely and abused Muslim adult females who lack assurance to make things entirely. A immense attempt is being made to guarantee that wellness inequality is prevented. Monitoring AND Evaluation The input in the PPP Project, the procedure, impact and result of the programmes of they project is monitored and evaluated most particularly through the response of the people sing all the activities, workshops and seminars. Monitoring and Evaluation was a uninterrupted procedure trusting to a great extent on feedback from questionnaires. The MWRC used these questionnaires to organize a model for monitoring and rating. This method of rating is qualitative and when compared to the LEAP ( Learning, Evaluation and Planning, 2008 ) theoretical account led by demand, focused on results, engagement, partnership edifice and cognition enhancing, it has some similarities though does non follow it wholly. This signifier of rating besides aid to carefully supervise the undertakings progress while concentrating on the relation between inputs, end products and procedure ( Hashagen and Susan,2007 ) . This method of rating besides enables the designation of extra results as LEAP is a model that is designed to enable positive planned alteration to be made to the demands that have been identified. It is outcome focussed because the primary intent of community lead development is to do a existent, and mensurable difference to the quality of personal and community lives. In pattern, be aftering for alteration in response to the identified demand was done and an result focused rating carried out to measure the success of the action program. A focal point on results is basically a focal point on consequences. As Stated by the Scots Government ( 2010 ) for the intents of dependable rating, the connexion between the demand identified, the action taken and the result achieved should ever be clear. Project study is besides written and sent to the funders, and policy shapers to demo which purposes and aims that are achieved and the extent to which the achieved aims lead to the desired outcome..A fiscal study is besides written at the terminal of every twelvemonth and sent to funders to demo answerability and how cost effectual the programmes were. Using the LEAP theoretical account of rating, indexs are used to mensurate whether results were achieved and grounds collected as the undertaking goes along and in comparing the MWRC rating finally followed similar guidelines. Besides in comparing with the LEAP theoretical account Health hazard appraisal was done prior to the oncoming of the undertaking to place possible hazards and jeopardies. Some of the disadvantages of this method of rating is in the country of cost effectivity which merely incorporates QALYs as the wellness related outcome step ( Powell, 2007 ) and this as suggested by Powell ( 2007 ) could impact the sustainability of the undertaking. With this method of rating the results measured are individualistic and could be influenced by prejudice and memory and the persons can non demo the impact of the undertaking on the community particularly in a short timescale ( Hashagen and Paxton,2007 ) They major restrictions or challenges encountered in the undertaking are ; deficiency of Funding or funding stoping and taking to stop of a undertaking, holding to cover with in-migration issues of most of the clients, linguistic communications barrier, and preparation of all the staff and voluntary but despite these challenges, accomplishments were made over the last twelvemonth. Some of the accomplishments are ; Inputs at colza crisis cultural position of domestic maltreatment preparation and Ethnic enable domestic maltreatment preparation, Helpline advert being aired on Islam channel and helpline support awarded for farther 3 old ages, Lunch of Muslim Women voices study and support awarded for household guidance, mediation, and Advocacy undertaking till March 2011, Input at cruse Scotland AGM on reding Muslim, forced matrimony Conference in partnership with Tayside constabularies, Humanistic disciplines and societal inclusion Jewellery doing workshops to authorise the adult femal es and Participation in Highlandss and islands equality forum conference The Muslim Womans have your say Scotland broad anniversary events, observing 10yrs constitution and 5 old ages presenting services. Contemplation WITH GIBBS MODEL I would be using the Gibbs theoretical account of contemplation ( 1988 ) as it the best theoretical account for the contemplation of this arrangement which is based on merely observation. Johns Model ( 1994 ) and Kolbe larning rhythm ( 1984 ) tends to demand a more in-depth participatory experience which makes them unsuitable for the undertaking. MY THOUGHT / WHAT I SAW When I choose the Amina adult females resource centre for my arrangement, I was non quite sure of the sorts of community development undertakings that would be ongoing at the resource centre though I identified Muslim adult females as a community bearing in head that a community is a group of people with diverse features who are linked by societal ties and portion common position in a geographical scene or location. During my several visits to the resource centre I realized that the centre is a charity organisation run by Muslim adult females for Muslim adult females which was established following the designation of the critical demands and concern of the adult females which are ; deficiency of cognition, assurance, , family/marriage jobs and increase in favoritism and torment taking to deficiency of entree to mainstream activities and they operate at three different degree which are with policy shapers, set abouting development work and proviso of direct assisting services. They center is managed by both staff and voluntaries who give high quality service to the community and in return receive preparation, work experience, make New friends and frequently increase their assurance, accomplishments and cognition. The Resource centre being wholly a voluntary organisation it receives funding from the council, Voluntary action fund, Scottish community foundation, Gannochy trust, Culture and athletic s Glasgow, and adult females s Fund for Scotland. The Centre maps within the societal theoretical account of wellness which is a good quality of a good community development undertaking and it handles several societal issues runing from societal isolation, unemployment, instruction, fiscal issues, in-migration affairs, lodging, disablement and Domestic maltreatment which has systematically being the highest per centum of all other instance over the old ages. The addition in the figure of instances of Domestic maltreatment brought about the development of the bar protection and proviso ( PPP ) of force against adult females undertaking and this is in maintaining with the rule of a good community development undertaking which should be able to turn to the precedence demand of the people every bit good as educating and authorising the community. I did non hold contact with the participants. I accessed the undertaking by speaking to the counsellors and the staff at the centre and through some written informations. I observed the centre is service user positive and involves full engagement from people of the community with bead in Sessionss for clients during hebdomad yearss, free entree to computing machines and a resource library incorporating an spread outing scope of books, cusps, magazines, on different subjects particularly on Islamic subjects peculiarly Focused towards adult females. Information on services and resources in Glasgow and remainder of Scotland is besides available in the library. Peoples from different cultural group with different linguistic communications are attended to and treated every bit with no favoritism at any degree of the service proviso. MWRC provided a extremist model for its undertakings by prosecuting in inter-sectorial partnerships, community based actions and resources to accomplish its purposes WHAT WENT WRONG/RECOMMENDATION Majority of the jobs encountered in running the undertaking are due to funding. I noticed that some of the support will stop before the completion of the undertaking and this mounts a batch of force per unit area on the organisers. Besides observed was fact that most of the spouses are non so certain of their functions in the undertaking, though Partnership working at both local and international degrees is a powerful tool in running undertakings and really good attack towards the bar of wellness inequality There should be definite definitions of the function to forestall confusion and besides to see to the accomplishment of the purposes of the undertaking. I besides would urge that a sustainable agency of funding be sought for in order to accomplish set ends of the undertaking. There were minimum grounds of wellness hazard appraisal done before get downing the undertaking on the portion of the community and this is really of import and should be done to find foreseeable jeopardies that may bechance on both the organisers and participants of the undertaking in order to cut down the hazards to the barest lower limit. Decision The major purpose of MWRC is to develop the Muslim community, better their ego regard and wellness by interrupting down all the barriers to enable the Muslim adult females take part in all facet of the society and this purpose is in maintaining with the current tendency in public wellness pattern which is to guarantee equality and good wellness at all degrees. Domestic Abuse has over the old ages increased in prevalence and is going a immense public wellness issue with the females being more of the victims of maltreatment. This addition was noticed at the MWRC and lead to the development of the Protection, proviso and bar undertaking. The centre recognizes the community as an of import factor and aims to develop single and community capacity through community acquisition, preparation, community engagement and development in order to impact their lives. It can be argued that the development of the PPP undertaking was initiated by the people of the community as a manner of raising their consciousness to the issue within their community and proviso of support to adult females confronting maltreatment. The undertaking receives immense community engagement and its being evaluated by the response of the people through Questionnaires which is used as a model Partnership working at both local and international degrees is a powerful tool employed by MWRC in their assorted undertakings and this is a really good attack towards the bar of wellness inequality. Partnership besides enables combined attempt geared towards accomplishing the set out ends. In turn toing wellness inequality, MWRC, were actively involved in Advocacy programmes, intersectorial partnerships, Lobbying of policy shapers to act upon wellness policies. The usage of referral systems were besides employed to heighten buttocks to mainstream services and undertake the issues of wellness inequality. This survey provides of import information about current attitudes and beliefs of wellness attention suppliers toward domestic maltreatment diagnosing and direction, which can be instrumental in planing appropriate clinical intercessions to better attention in primary attention scenes. .